The three news outlets said they had notified the government that they were filing their lawsuit in the US District Court for the District of Columbia and could see emergency hearings in the case as soon as this week, according to CNN.
Representatives for the White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The three outlets made the announcement in a joint statement posted on X, two days after their reporters were blocked from the White House and prevented from doing their jobs.
The reporters' entry badges were disabled on Saturday, a day after Trump had suddenly announced he was barring the outlets because of reporting he found to be "fake news."
The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The actions were a clear escalation of Trump's long-running efforts - in the courts and through administrative action - to restrict news coverage by journalists he finds objectionable, and were the latest test of First Amendment protections in the United States.
White House reporters from the two cable networks - Betsy Klein of CNN and Akayla Gardner of MS NOW - went live to report they'd been turned away, their press badges deactivated, when arriving for their jobs at the White House. Soon after, Politico said its White House reporter Cheyenne Haslett was also denied entry and had her badge confiscated.
"This morning, we notified the government that we are filing a lawsuit today to protect our First Amendment rights and defend the principle that the government does not decide what the press reports or publishes," the outlets said in a joint statement posted on X.
"Without notice or process, the White House revoked our journalists' credentials because it objected to our reporting. Left unchallenged, this threatens press freedom and the public's right to independent journalism free from government interference."
In his second term, Trump and his Republican administration have upped the ante and punished certain media outlets, both in the courtroom and through regulatory action.
Trump has also lashed out at individual reporters in person or over social media, sometimes in strikingly personal terms - insulting them in briefings or in his recent speech at the White House Correspondents' Association dinner.
The WHCA's president, Jacqui Heinrich, called on the Trump administration to immediately restore the three outlets' access.
"The implications extend beyond these organisations: a standard used to exclude one news outlet because of its coverage could be applied to any outlet in the future," Heinrich said.
"The American people, through a free and independent press, must be able to scrutinise those elected to power, regardless of whether government officials view it favourably."
with AP
